Christmas in Greece: Then and Now.

Christmas Traditions in Greece: Then and Now

Christmas in Greece is a magical time that blends ancient customs, religious rituals, and family traditions. Over the years, Greek Christmas customs have evolved, adapting to contemporary influences while holding on to unique practices that are deeply rooted in the country’s history. From age-old rituals to modern celebrations, let's explore how Greeks have celebrated this season over the centuries and what makes Christmas in Greece unique today.

1. The Pre-Christmas Period

Then: Historically, the Christmas season in Greece begins 40 days before Christmas, marked by the period of Sarakosti, or the Nativity Fast. This tradition has ancient roots and was a time for religious reflection and abstinence from meat and dairy. In the past, fasting was strictly observed, especially in rural areas, as a form of spiritual preparation leading up to Christmas Day. People would refrain from animal products and dedicate time to prayer and church services.

Now: While the tradition of fasting still exists, it is less strictly observed today, particularly in urban areas. Many Greeks still fast on Wednesdays and Fridays leading up to Christmas and may abstain from meat during the last week before Christmas. However, modern Greek society has seen a shift, with fewer people adhering to a full fast. Despite this, many families still gather on Christmas Eve for a small feast to break the fast and welcome the holiday spirit.

2. Caroling and Christmas Songs

Then: On Christmas Eve, it was customary for children to go from house to house singing kalanda, or Christmas carols, which are traditional songs that tell the story of Christ's birth and celebrate the holiday season. In return, they were given small treats like nuts, sweets, or sometimes coins. The kalanda is one of Greece's oldest holiday customs, dating back to the Byzantine period.

Now: The kalanda tradition remains alive today but has evolved with time. Now, children typically sing with triangles or small drums, and they receive more modern treats, such as candy, chocolate, or money. The carols themselves are still based on the traditional melodies, but some have adapted to include modern instruments or new verses, especially in big cities like Athens and Thessaloniki. Despite these changes, this custom is one of the few that has withstood the test of time, with children eagerly waiting to bring holiday cheer to their neighborhoods each year.

3. Christmas Boats (Karavaki) vs. Christmas Trees

Then: An intriguing and unique Greek Christmas tradition is the decoration of small boats, known as karavakia, which is a nod to Greece’s maritime heritage. Historically, Greeks celebrated the return of sailors and fishermen during the winter by decorating boats with lights and hanging them in their homes. This tradition was especially strong on the Greek islands, where people would decorate boats instead of trees.

Now: With the influence of Western culture, the Christmas tree has become a prominent feature in Greek households. However, the decorated boat remains a symbol of the Greek holiday season, especially in coastal towns and islands. Some families will decorate both a tree and a small boat to honor both traditional Greek customs and modern influences. In major cities, such as Thessaloniki, illuminated boats are still displayed in public squares, adding a uniquely Greek touch to the Christmas landscape.

4. Christmas Foods and Desserts

Then: Greek holiday meals have always been an essential part of Christmas celebrations. Traditionally, the main meal centered around roasted pork, as it was customary for families to butcher a pig, an act that symbolized wealth and abundance. In addition, festive breads like Christopsomo (Christ bread) were prepared with decorative symbols and cross shapes. For desserts, the season wouldn’t be complete without melomakarona (honey-soaked cookies) and kourabiedes (almond shortbread dusted in powdered sugar).

Now: Christmas feasting has expanded to include a variety of dishes influenced by other countries, but pork remains a staple on most tables. Desserts like melomakarona and kourabiedes remain beloved Greek Christmas treats, but newer additions, such as chocolate-dipped versions, have emerged. Christopsomo is still prepared in some homes, but this tradition is less widespread today, as bakeries and supermarkets now sell it pre-made. Nevertheless, food continues to play a central role in Greek Christmas celebrations, with families gathering around the table to enjoy a blend of tradition and modern cuisine.

5. Epiphany and Blessing of the Waters

Then: The Greek Christmas season extends to January 6th with the celebration of Epiphany, or Theophany, which marks the baptism of Christ. One of the most unique traditions of this day is the blessing of the waters, where priests throw a cross into the sea, rivers, or lakes, and young men dive into the chilly waters to retrieve it. This custom is especially important in Greece due to its maritime history, symbolizing the purification of the waters and a blessing for those who make a living at sea.

Now: The blessing of the waters is still practiced widely across Greece, with large crowds gathering to witness the ritual. Today, women and young girls also participate in the cross retrieval tradition in some areas, reflecting a shift toward inclusivity. Many cities and towns hold celebrations with live music and food after the ceremony, making Epiphany a festive closing to the Christmas season.

The Christmas Spirit in Modern Greece

While the essence of Greek Christmas has evolved, its spirit remains deeply rooted in family, faith, and tradition. Nowadays, Christmas in Greece is a harmonious blend of the old and the new, with younger generations respecting customs handed down from their ancestors while adding contemporary touches. Despite the changes, the holiday season in Greece continues to be a time of gathering, joy, and reflection.

From the carols to the festive meals and the blessing of the waters, Greece’s Christmas traditions hold a special charm, offering a beautiful glimpse into the country’s rich cultural heritage. Whether you’re wandering through the illuminated streets of Athens or witnessing the blessings at a coastal village, Christmas in Greece promises a celebration that’s both timeless and uniquely Greek.